Master Formula (F = m / V)

The Master Formula of Physics (F = m / V) was discovered and formulated for the first time by A. A. Zevof and was presented to the scientific community in the summer of 2026 through the book Zero Void Force and its related research articles, with explanations and mathematical formulation.

In the book and theory Zero Void Force, this formula expresses the fundamental Potential Difference between mass and volume, which generates motion under all conditions of nature and life, and also simply generates and explains all forms of forces, including the four known fundamental forces.

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In brief: The Master Formula of Physics (F = m / V) is A. A. Zevof’s proposed generalized mass–volume relationship in Zero Void Force Theory. Here, F represents types of force, m represents intrinsic mass, and V represents the associated volume of void or space. It extends the Mother Formula of Physics (Z = m / v), which describes the proposed origin of Z-Force. This page explains the theory’s reasoning, the meaning of its variables, and its proposed relationship to the four known fundamental forces. The proposal is a theoretical claim, not an experimentally established unification of forces.

The Master Formula of Physics (F = m / V) as the Generalized Form of the Mother Formula of Physics (Z = m / v), and an Explanation of the Fundamental Potential Difference within the Mass-Volume Relationship for the Generation of Forces, Motions, and the Final Unification of the Four Known Forces of Physics through the Formula and Fundamental Mechanics of the Z-Force in Zero-Void Force Theory

Author and Theorist: A. A. Zevof

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Abstract

With its simple and infinitely scalable mechanics, Zero-Void Force Theory presents a fundamental principle of nature: the different known forces that we observe in nature share one common and unified mechanics at their most fundamental level.

In this fundamental and beautiful theory, force, in its most fundamental definition, is motion itself… the motion of different forms of mass, or different kinds of particles, in response to a Fundamental Potential Difference between mass and volume.

In this revolutionary theory, the form of this fundamental mechanics and this fundamental principle of nature is the fundamental formula of the Z-Force, (Z = m / v), which is explained in detail in the book Zero Void Force and in the previous article, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21990827.

The Mother Formula (Z = m / v) expresses the origin of the first fundamental motion of nature, namely the Z-Force, and arises from the relationship between the mass of Primary M particles and the volume of Zero Void.

At the next stage, the Master Formula of Physics (F = m / V) is introduced as the generalized form of the Mother Formula (Z = m / v), providing a simple expression for the mechanics by which different types of forces are generated.

Explanation of the Master Formula of Physics

(F = m / V)

In this generalized form of the Z-Force, namely the Master Formula:

F represents all types of forces, whether known or unknown…

m represents all forms of mass in nature…

V represents the volume of empty spaces, or the occupied space associated with mass… in other words, all kinds of spaces, empty spaces, or vacuums, whether Absolute Void or Relative Vacuum.

This article attempts to trace the formation of this general formula from exactly the same point at which Zero-Void Force Theory begins: from a simple question about the nature of force itself, and then to show, step by step, how a fundamental relationship between mass and volume can, across different scales and structures, appear under different names such as electromagnetism, the Strong Nuclear Force, the Weak Nuclear Force, and gravitation.

Keywords

Zero-Void Force; Z-Force; Mother Formula of Physics; Master Formula of Physics; Absolute Void; Relative Vacuum; Primary Invisible Space; Visible Space; mass; volume; Potential Difference between mass and volume; common mechanism for the generation of forces; final unification of the known forces

1. Introduction

The workings of nature and its astonishing beauty have, from ancient times to the present day, occupied the minds of scientists…

From classical geometric and mathematical theories to modern models of physics such as General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, each has attempted to reveal a part of the mysteries of nature and the universe to us…

A common question that has challenged the minds of scientists and researchers throughout the entire history of science has been this:

Could all the known forces of physics, and the way all particles and forms come into being, originate from only one simple principle of nature?

Zero-Void Force Theory offers a positive answer to this long-standing scientific question…

This theory proposes that the operation and generation of all known types of forces, as well as the formation of all small and large particles, arise from only one fundamental principle in nature…

This article begins from this same simple question… because if we do not know why motion comes into being in the first place, merely writing the names of forces beside one another tells us nothing about the origin of those forces.

The aim is for the reader first to see the simple logic of the theory, and then to find the general formula itself within that same logic; just as the concept of the Master Formula in the book gains meaning only after the Z-Force and the mass-volume relationship have been introduced…

Before we enter the explanation of these beautiful and fundamental formulas, ask yourself just one simple question:

What is force, really?

Not how gravitation works, how an electromagnetic field behaves, or what effects the nuclear forces have on particles… but a more essential and more fundamental question:

Why does force come into being at all? Or, in the most fundamental state, what is the cause of the primary motion of nature? In other words, at the most fundamental level of nature, what makes a particle move from one point to another?

A large part of modern physics describes, with astonishing precision, the behavior of forces, fields, particles, and energy, and gives us highly successful equations for predicting how they operate…

But Zero-Void Force Theory tries to take one more fundamental step and address a more fundamental question that comes before the way any force behaves:

What is the mechanism that generates force itself?

The answer of Zero-Void Force Theory to these fundamental questions is very simple…

Only the Fundamental Potential Difference between mass and volume, at the most fundamental level, generates all types of motion, or what we call forces, through a statistical and mathematical distribution…

And at the most fundamental level, force is motion itself… meaning the primary motion of fundamental particles from one point to another.

From this very point, the remarkable mechanics of force generation through the fundamental Z-Force formula begins.

The beautiful and fundamental Z-Force formula is:

(Z = m / v)

In this theory, this formula is introduced under the name Mother Formula of Physics. It expresses the fundamental relationship between mass and volume and the emergence of the first motion of nature—the primary motion that is called the Z-Force…

But the story does not end here…

If the fundamental mechanics of the Z-Force is repeated across different scales, densities, arrangements, and structures of nature, could the forces that we know today by different names originate, at their most fundamental level, from one common mechanism?

Gravitation…

Electromagnetism…

The Strong Nuclear Force…

And the Weak Nuclear Force…

This article explains exactly this path in a simple way.

We want to see how the fundamental motion of nature emerges from the simplest natural relationship between mass and volume.

How does motion become flow?

How do flows form fields?

And how can one simple mechanism for generating force appear as different forces within different structures of nature?

To express this same common mechanism of force generation in a general form, the following relationship is introduced for the first time by Zero-Void Force Theory in the book and in this article:

(F = m / V)

This is the fundamental relationship of nature that Zero-Void Force Theory calls the Master Formula of Physics.

In general, the purpose of this article is to return from the apparent complexities of the concepts of physics to the simple mechanism that lies beneath all of them…

Perhaps, to understand the deepest mechanics of nature, we do not always need more complex equations…

Perhaps the answer to some of the most fundamental questions of physics has been right in front of us all along…

Mass…

Volume…

Void and empty space…

Potential Difference…

And motion.

From this moment on, you, dear reader, are not being asked simply to believe something…

You only need to follow this relationship step by step and, in the end, judge for yourself:

Could nature and the science of physics, at their most fundamental level, be far simpler than we have imagined until now?

So our starting point is not ‘force’; our starting point is the Potential Difference between mass and volume. Force appears later in the story. This order is very important, because Zero-Void Force Theory tries to separate the cause of force from its effects. Fields, attraction, repulsion, the curvature of space, and even the names of all forces gain meaning only after the first motion begins. The first questions are always these:

What started the motion?

What started the first motion?

What is the main cause of motion in nature?

And every time, the answer of the theory brings us back to the same simple Potential Difference between mass and volume.

2. From the Mother Formula to the Master Formula

Now we must make one very important distinction clear; a distinction that, if it is not understood correctly, will cause the entire path of this article to be read incorrectly.

The Mother Formula of Physics and the Master Formula of Physics are not two competing formulas independent of one another…

The Master Formula is born from the same mechanics as the Mother Formula, namely the Z-Force Formula.

2.1. Explanation of the Mother Formula

(Z = m / v)

The Mother Formula always expresses the fundamental principle of Zero-Void Force Theory and the fundamental mechanics of the Z-Force.

That is, at the most fundamental level, in the fundamental formula of Zero-Void Force Theory:

m represents the true and intrinsic mass of the fundamental, indivisible and irreducible Primary M particles in nature.

v represents the volume of void—that is, the volume of Absolute Void or Relative Vacuum amid particle arrangements.

Z represents the first motion and the first force of nature, arising from the Potential Difference between the mass of M particles and the volume of Zero Void.

In general, a motion must first come into being before we can assign a standard name to that motion…

That is, before any force field comes into being, before gravitation, before electromagnetism, and before every other name that we later use for forces, something must cause mass to move from one spatial position to another.

In Zero-Void Force Theory, the answer, under all microscopic and macroscopic conditions, is the same Potential Difference between mass and volume.

Particles always move statistically and naturally toward emptier spaces within every kind of local space so that the distribution of mass within the volume of space approaches a statistically more balanced state.

This primary motion of particles toward empty spaces, or void, is the Z-Force.

But now a new question appears…

What happens if this same principle is repeated in an electron?

What happens if it is repeated in the arrangement of three quarks?

What happens if it is repeated in the collapse of an unstable quark arrangement?

And what happens if it is repeated at interstellar scales, among planets and galaxies?

This is where we need a generalized form of the Mother Formula; a relationship that no longer carries only the name of the first fundamental force, the Z-Force, but can explain and simply display the mechanics of any type of force that emerges from the same common mechanics at any microscopic or macroscopic scale.

For this reason, for clearer understanding and easier comprehension, the generalized form of Z-Force mechanics is written as:

(F = m / V)

And this general relationship for the generation of different types of forces is called the Master Formula of Physics in this theory.

Here, F is not one specific force…

The letter F represents all forces—both the forces that we know today and have classified into four groups, and any force that may be discovered in the near future within another layer or structure of energy and matter.

Likewise, m represents the true and intrinsic mass of all types of particles and bodies in nature.

And capital V represents the volume associated with every kind of mass in nature; that is, the volume of empty spaces, or any kind of Absolute Void or Relative Vacuum, toward which mass intrinsically and statistically moves in order to fill that empty space, or within which mass is statistically distributed in a logical and natural way and forms a Potential Difference relationship with it.

In other words, in this formula mass is the real potential of all particles and bodies, and it always has an intrinsic and fundamental Potential Difference with empty spaces and with every kind of Absolute Void or Relative Vacuum. For this reason, mass always tends to fill every kind of empty space and flows toward every kind of void, and this Fundamental Potential Difference gives rise, in the same way, to the first motions of fundamental particles and of all bodies.

So the Master Formula is not a formula separate from the Z-Force Formula…

The Master Formula is the generalized language of the same Z-Force mechanics, with the difference that its general form is standardized for expressing any kind of force or any kind of motion.

3. Why Can the Mass-Volume Relationship Generate Force—or Motion—Under All Microscopic and Macroscopic Conditions of Existence?

To understand the Master Formula, we do not need to begin from a complicated concept…

Simply look at this basic reality:

Every mass, in order to have physical presence, occupies a volume proportional to its existential mass, and every kind of mass or particle arrangement within a different volume of space creates a particular relationship between mass and the volume of empty space…

If a large amount of mass is concentrated within a small volume, the condition is not the same as when that same mass is spread through a much larger volume of space…

In Zero-Void Force Theory, the differences between these ratios produce different conditions of Potential Difference, motion, and flow, and ultimately create what we conventionally call ‘force.’

In simpler language:

The more mass is concentrated within a smaller volume, the more concentrated and intense the force effect becomes, as in the Strong Nuclear Force…

And the more that same mass is distributed through a larger volume, the broader and gentler the force effect appears, as in gravitation…

But the most important point is that force here is not a separate and mysterious entity.

In the most fundamental definition of Zero-Void Force Theory, force is motion itself: the infalling motion of mass toward every kind of void and empty space.

That is, the Potential Difference between mass and the volume of empty spaces statistically generates force.

So when we write:

(F = m / V)

we are not saying that every force in nature is identical to every other force in its outward behavior.

Rather, we are saying that behind these different appearances of the known forces, all of them continually repeat one common principle in order to generate their primary motion.

Only the scale of mass and particles changes…

The type of particle changes…

The density of the energy field changes, and within that layer a new force is born…

The size and form of the particle arrangement change, and the volume of void among those particles changes in the same way, bringing a new mechanics of force into being…

The strength of force fields also continually changes in relation to the size and mass of that field…

But the mass-volume relationship remains the same and fundamental across all microscopic and macroscopic scales…

This is the very feature that makes the Master Formula the generalized form of Z-Force mechanics and of the Mother Formula.

For the same reason, we must distinguish between lowercase v in the Mother Formula and capital V in the Master Formula…

In the Mother Formula, v, at the most fundamental level of nature, refers to the volume of Zero Void in relation to the mass of Fundamental M particles.

But in the Master Formula, capital V expresses, in a simple and general way, the broader concept of all kinds of empty-space volume associated with all kinds of mass, at every microscopic and macroscopic scale, in every kind of particle arrangement, and even at the scale of planets and stars.

This apparently small difference is extremely important…

Because the Mother Formula specifically shows the origin of the first motion of nature, the Z-Force, through the primary motion of Fundamental M particles toward filling, as much as possible, the volume of Absolute Zero Void amid the arrangement of those particles.

The Master Formula, however, extends the same principle across all microscopic and macroscopic layers of energy and matter in order to make the Z-Force Formula easier to understand, and it clarifies the cause of the generation of all forces…

That is, in explaining the Strong Nuclear Force, it does not merely say that quarks are responsible for producing the Strong Nuclear Force and then leave us without an answer when we ask where the quarks themselves obtained their force and how they generate it…

Instead, the Master Formula answers that all particles involved in generating force, within and around themselves, exist in a statistical Potential Difference between mass and volume through their relationship with their own mass and with the volume of the space in which they are located. This Potential Difference is the cause of the motion of every kind of particle toward filling every kind of void or empty space as much as possible—for example, the extremely small and strong volume of void amid the arrangement of three quarks, which relatively binds those three particles together.

So the conceptual order is always this:

First, the Mother Formula (Z = m / v) explains the mechanics of the first motion and the first force of nature, namely the Z-Force.

Then the general extension of that same fundamental mechanics, the Master Formula (F = m / V), enters and explains the fundamental cause of the generation of motion in all the known forces.

Within this framework, if the mass-to-volume ratio within a structure changes, the conditions of motion also change…

More mass within less volume means a more concentrated Potential Difference, as in the Strong Nuclear Force; more dispersed mass within a larger volume means a broader and gentler force effect, as in gravitation.

From the perspective of Zero-Void Force Theory, this change in the scale and concentration of mass is one of the reasons why one common mechanics can appear at one level as the Strong Nuclear Force and at another level as gravitation.

4. Brief Explanation of the Thirteenth Hypothesis of the Zero-Void Force

From One Mechanics to Four Different Names of the Known Forces

The Thirteenth Hypothesis of the Zero-Void Force addresses the final unification of the four known forces of physics.

The four known forces—the Strong Nuclear Force, the Weak Nuclear Force, electromagnetism, and gravitation—appear to behave very differently…

But does a difference in name and scale necessarily mean a difference in the origin of motion?

The Thirteenth Hypothesis answers: no.

At their most fundamental level, all these forces use the Potential Difference between mass and volume to generate motion.

This is exactly the point at which the Master Formula gains its meaning.

(F = m / V)

Just as different states or different molecular arrangements of one substance can create different properties and different mechanics from one and the same common material… for example, we can make many tools from the same metal, such as pliers and a screwdriver, yet these two tools display different mechanics and functions while being made from the same material.

In the same way, whenever a new particle arrangement or a new mass structure in nature is placed within a particular volume of space, the type of arrangement of mass and particles in the space associated with them, within a limited location, can create a different mechanics of motion—or what we call force—at different densities of energy and matter.

Now let us examine this process step by step…

Within Fundamental Primary Space, Z-Force mechanics compresses Primary M particles into different arrangements and groupings, and as the density of M particles increases within a local region, particles such as photons, electrons, and quarks are formed.

Each time Primary M particles become more compressed, a new layer of energy structure is formed.

And with the formation of each new and denser layer of energy, a new mechanics of motion appears with a new field and a new behavior of force.

Therefore, in Zero-Void Force Theory, forces emerge hierarchically and step by step, in an evolutionary way, as energy becomes increasingly compressed. For this reason, in this theory there is no such thing in nature as an independent fundamental force or an intrinsic force existing by itself…

That is, it is completely mistaken, within this theory, to assume that four completely unrelated and independent forces existed in nature from the beginning, in an absolute state relative to one another, and that we simply call them fundamental forces…

With this precise explanation, the collective flow of electron particles within closed-loop fields creates field behavior of force such as the Electromagnetic Force…

Quarks, in a three-particle arrangement, together with the very small Relative Vacuum among the three quarks and the field flows of the three quarks, generate the Strong Nuclear Force…

Arrangements containing more than three quarks, through their tendency to return to a structure with less void among the quarks, undergo collapse and display the repulsion-like behavior of the Weak Nuclear Force, causing the decay of heavy elements…

And at much larger scales, the layer-by-layer infalling motion of compressed matter—stars and planets—from a particular location toward emptier regions of space appears as gravitation.

Therefore, we can simply see that the names of the forces continually change, but the mechanics of the mass-volume relationship remains in place…

Our main question is still the same:

What starts the fundamental motion of nature for the first time?

What is the main cause of all forces?

At every one of these levels, the answer of Zero-Void Force Theory is the same natural statistical relationship: the Fundamental Potential Difference within the mass-volume relationship.

That is, in physics we have only one true and existential nature, and that is mass. Every mass has volume and occupies a volume in proportion to the amount of its mass, and if something has no mass, then it has no measurable and observable physical existence…

For this reason, the Mother Formula (Z = m / v) targets and fully explains the origin of this principle—the fundamental mass that constitutes everything and everyone—while the Master Formula (F = m / V) provides the general language of the same fundamental mechanics for generating and explaining the origin of all forces.

The Thirteenth Hypothesis emphasizes another point as well: with the formation of every new particle, a new and denser layer of energy comes into being, and with the emergence of each new layer of energy, we witness the appearance of a new force. In other words, the same mechanics between mass and volume, at different density layers, can appear through new carriers and new force fields.

First there are Primary M particles; then Secondary Particles and fundamental particles; then quark arrangements, followed by atomic particles, and onward to larger structures and stellar scales. Mass continually grows through these levels, while the mass-volume relationship remains present at every level and continually generates force…

Therefore, the unification of forces in this theory does not mean eliminating the differences among particles; it means finding one common root beneath those differences.

If we look at this process as a chain, the picture becomes clearer:

The Potential Difference between mass and volume creates the primary motion of nature;

motion creates particle flows;

particle flows create force fields;

fields, at specific densities and scales, create different behaviors and mechanics of energy and matter;

and we choose the name of a force for each of these different kinds of motion.

The Master Formula was introduced in the book Zero Void Force precisely to express, in a general form and as one unified system, this evolutionary chain through which the different types of forces are built.

5. Final Unification of All Forces: Why Is the Simple Relationship (F = m / V) Called the Master Formula of Physics?

Now let us return once again to the starting point of this article…

What is force, really?

If we look only at the outward appearance of the Strong Nuclear Force, the Weak Nuclear Force, electromagnetism, and gravitation, we see four different phenomena.

But if we go one layer deeper and look only at the cause that begins motion in all of them, Zero-Void Force Theory gives one common answer:

The Potential Difference within the mass-volume relationship.

From this perspective, the Mother Formula of Physics:

(Z = m / v)

expresses the fundamental origin of the Z-Force and the first motion of nature.

This formula always has conceptual and technical priority, because we must first define, in a specific form, the principle that generates motion and the primary mechanics of nature through the formula (Z = m / v)…

Then, when the same mechanics moves beyond the first relationship between fundamental mass and the volume of Absolute Void, and is repeated across different scales, arrangements, and structures of mass, as well as across different kinds of empty spaces and Relative Vacuums among subatomic particle arrangements, we need a generalized expression of this formula—the Master Formula:

(F = m / V)

This is where the Master Formula of Physics simply explains the common mechanics of force generation across all scales.

Therefore, the Master Formula neither replaces the Mother Formula nor stands as a separate principle from it…

The Master Formula is the generalized form of the Mother Formula. In other words, the Master Formula is the continuation and extension of the same principle of the Z-Force Formula. It is formulated and presented in Zero-Void Force Theory and in the book Zero Void Force as a simpler and more understandable way to express the main and common mechanics that generates different kinds of forces, so that students and researchers can more easily understand the fundamental mechanics of the Z-Force—the relationship between mass and volume—across all microscopic and macroscopic scales.

The Mother Formula tells us how the first motion of nature is born from the relationship between the intrinsic mass of primary particles and the volume of Zero Void.

The Master Formula tells us how this same mechanics can build different forces throughout all layers of energy and matter in nature—and this is the beautiful reason for calling it the Master Formula.

Dear reader, the entire path of this article began with one fundamental question, and now it returns to that same question…

If motion is what we call ‘force’ at the most fundamental level, and if motion arises from the Fundamental Potential Difference within the mass-volume relationship, then do we need to imagine a completely separate fundamental mechanism for the origin of every known force?

Zero-Void Force Theory answers: there is no need for a separate mechanism to generate the different types of forces…

Nature can repeat one very simple principle, such as the mass-volume relationship, again and again across different microscopic and macroscopic scales and structures.

This is the central idea of the Master Formula of Physics:

(F = m / V)

In other words, force is expressed through the Potential Difference of mass over volume under all conditions and scales…

Beneath the astonishing complexity of the universe lies a very simple fundamental relationship: the Potential Difference between mass and volume. And you, dear reader, are not being asked simply to accept this conclusion…

Follow the formulas, compare the structures, examine the mechanics of each force separately, and in the end draw your own conclusion:

Could the four known forces of physics, at their most fundamental level, be four different names for four different manifestations of one common mechanics?

6. Final Summary

If we want to summarize this entire article in one sentence, we can say this: the Mother Formula tells us how the first motion of nature begins and where it comes from, while the Master Formula allows us to follow the same logic wherever mass and the volume of empty space build a new structure of mass. For this reason, the two formulas must always be understood together, but with different roles.

This article is written as a continuation of the first article, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21990827, which explains the Z-Force and the Mother Formula. It is only a gateway into the fuller explanation of the general generation of different types of forces in the book and theory Zero Void Force.

But by reading the full explanations and hypotheses of the book Zero Void Force, we can simply come to understand that the science of physics and the fundamental mechanics of nature have been simpler than we have imagined until now, and through understanding this simplicity and the beauty of nature, we can be filled with an infinite sense of joy…

With respect,

A. A. Zevof

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